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  • About the Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer papers

    A Finding Aid to the Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer Papers, 1897-1968, in the Archives of American Art, by Megan McShea (Download PDF Version, 107 KB [Download PDF Version])


    Biographical Information | Description of the Collection | How to Use the Collection | Series Descriptions


    Biographical Information [+]

    Konrad Cramer was born in Wurtzburg, Germany, in 1888, and studied at the Karlsruhe Academy of Fine Arts from 1906 to 1908 with Ludwig Schmidt-Reutte and Ernest Schurth. After a year in the German army, he returned to Karlsruhe to set up a studio, making frequent trips to Munich, where he was exposed to the experimental artists of the Blaue Reiter group, including Wassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc. READ MORE

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    Description of the Collection

    Overview - Scope and Contents [+]

    The papers of painter, printmaker, and photographer Konrad Cramer and his wife, painter and printmaker Florence Ballin Cramer, measure 8.5 linear feet and date from 1897 to 1968. Papers document both artists' personal and professional lives and are especially rich in documentation of the art community of Woodstock, NY, from 1906, when Florence first attended art classes there, and where the couple resided until their deaths in the 1960s. Records include biographical materials, correspondence, a Christmas card album, business records, writings, personal financial records, printed materials, photographs, and artwork. READ MORE

    Arrangement and Series Description

    The collection is arranged into 8 series:

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    Subjects

    This collection is indexed in the online catalog of the Archives of American Art under the following index terms. People, families and organizations are listed under "Subjects" when they are the topic of collection contents and under "Names" when they are creators or contributors.

    Provenance

    A portion of the papers in this collection were loaned to the Archives of American Art for microfilming in 1964 by Aileen Cramer and Margot Cramer Taylor, daughters of Florence and Konrad Cramer. Selected diaries, sketches, and photographs were returned to Aileen Cramer at that time. Some, but not all, of the original loan was subsequently donated, along with additional materials, in 1975. Materials returned to the donor can be viewed on microfilm.

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    How the Collection was Processed

    A portion of the papers in this collection were loaned to the Archives of American Art for microfilming in 1964 and are available for viewing on reels D170-171 and 1027. Most of the loaned materials were donated in 1975, along with additional materials that were microfilmed on reels 1203-1204 and reels 2751-2757. A small portion of material, consisting mostly of duplicates and photographs of works of art, was never microfilmed. Previously microfilmed and unmicrofilmed portions were merged, arranged, and described as a whole by Megan McShea in 2006 with funding provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art. The current archival arrangement does not match the arrangement of the materials on microfilm.

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    How to Use the Collection

    Restrictions on Use

    The Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer papers are owned by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.

    The collection is open for research.

    Available Formats

    Microfilm of much of the collection is available on microfilm reels D170-D171, 1027, 1203-1204, 2751-2757 at the Archives of American Art offices and through interlibrary loan. Researchers should note that the arrangement of the collection described in this finding aid does not reflect the order of the collection on microfilm.

    Separated Materials

    Originals of loaned material, including diaries (Florence Ballin Cramer, 1917-1920; Konrad Cramer, 1918-1921), sketches, and photographs, were returned to Aileen Cramer after microfilming. Loaned material is available for viewing on microfilm reels D170-D171 and 1027, but is not described in the container listing of this finding aid.

    How to Cite this Collection

    Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer papers, 1897-1964. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

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    Series Descriptions

    Series 1: Biographical Materials, 1898-1955, undated (Box 1; 1 folder)

    Biographical materials include a birth certificate for Konrad Cramer; picture postcards showing views of Konrad Cramer's neighborhood in Karlsruhe, Germany; the calling card of the man who introduced Konrad and Florence; the Cramers' wedding announcement; a biographical essay about Konrad Cramer; an informal will written by Florence Ballin Cramer; and other personal certificates and documents.

    Items in this series were previously scattered throughout the collection. Most can be viewed on reels 2751, 2755, and 2756.

    Box Folder
    1 1 Biographical Materials, 1898-1955, undated

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    Series 2: Correspondence, 1900-1964, undated (Boxes 1-3, 9; 2.2 linear feet)

    This series consists of Florence Ballin Cramer and Konrad Cramer's correspondence, including outgoing drafts and carbons of letters written by the Cramers. Correspondence is arranged chronologically, with undated letters and drafts of letters filed alphabetically at the end of the series. Before 1911 correspondence is entirely that of Florence Ballin, and the letters of 1911 are dominated by a large volume of letters between Florence Ballin and Konrad Cramer during the months of their courtship, many of which are in German. Letters and notes between the two are found throughout the series. Also found are letters to Florence's brother Irving Ballin, and letters to and from the Cramer's children, Margot and Aileen. An increasing number of outgoing drafts of letters written by Konrad Cramer are found beginning in the 1950s. READ MORE

    Box Folder
    1 2-54 Correspondence, 1900-1941 (53 folders; see also Box 9, sol)

    Box Folder
    2 1-36 Correspondence, 1942-1964 (36 folders; see also Box 9, sol)
    2 37 Correspondence; Cramer, Aileen, undated
    2 38 Correspondence; Cramer, Florence Ballin, undated
    2 39-40 Correspondence; Cramer, Konrad, undated (2 folders; see also Box 9, sol)
    2 41-44 Correspondence; A-W, undated (4 folders)
    2 45 Correspondence; First Names Only or Illegible, undated

    Box Folder
    3 1-5 Correspondence, Envelopes, 1909-1963, undated (5 folders)

    Box
    9 (sol) Oversized Correspondence (See Box 1, f22; Box 2, f22, 25, 26, 31, and 40)

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    Series 3: Christmas Card Album, 1921-1931, 1940, 1961, undated (Box 3; 0.8 linear feet)

    The Cramers' Christmas card album is a large scrapbook containing handmade cards, wrapping papers, and a collection of postcards and clippings depicting animals. Most of the Christmas cards were received between 1921 and 1931, and many bear original works of art. Artists represented in the album include Peggy Bacon, Austin Mecklem, Frank Chase, Nan Mason, Hermine Kleinert, Harry Gottlieb, Felix Payant, E. Weyhe, Cecil Chichester, Henry Lee McFee, Arthur Young, Rudolph Wetterau, Sam Wylie, Wanda Gág, Will Shuster, Judson Smith, Elsa Milius, Louise Hellstrom, Jok Billings, Henry Billings, Emil Ganso, Marisha Karasz, Lee Simonson, Jo Cantine, Carl Lindin, Orville Peets, Paul and Caroline Rohland, C. Bertram Hartman, and Peter Juley. Photographs include a portrait of Aileen and Henry Lee McFee and several photographs of friends' homes. READ MORE

    Box Folder
    3 6 Christmas Card Album, 1921-1931, undated
    3 7 Items Found In Christmas Card Album, 1926, 1931, 1940, 1961, undated

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    Series 4: Writings, 1897-1962, undated (Boxes 4-5, 11; 1.7 linear feet)

    This series includes the notes and writings of Florence Ballin Cramer and Konrad Cramer, along with scattered notes and writings by others. Types of material include an address book; appointment books; diaries, notes and excerpts from diaries, and items found in diaries; essays; notebooks; poems; a movie scenario; and notes. Some of the notebooks include drafts of outgoing correspondence. READ MORE

    Box Folder
    4 1 Address Book, Florence Ballin Cramer, circa 1910s
    4 2 Appointment Books, Florence Ballin (Cramer), 1908, 1910
    4 Diaries
    4 3-13 Konrad Cramer, 1945-1950, 1957-1962 (12 volumes in 11 folders)
    4 Florence Ballin Cramer
    4 14 1911, undated
    4 15 1949-1951
    4 16 Notes (1906-1907, 1926-1943), undated
    4 17 Excerpts from Removed Diaries, 1916-1917, 1934, 1955, 1958-1962
    4 18 Loose Items Removed from 1908-1910 Diary, 1907-1913, undated
    4 19 Items Removed from 1911 Diary, 1940, undated
    4 20 Excerpts and Items Removed from Unspecified Diary, 1909, 1917, 1920, 1925, 1935, undated

    Box
    5 Essays
    5 Konrad Cramer
    5 1 "The Painter's Handbook", 1932
    5 2 "The Good Painter's Handbook", 1933
    5 3 "The Artist in the Darkroom", circa 1937
    5 4 "The Tools for Drawing", undated
    5 5 "The Artist and His Craft", undated
    (Includes sections by unidentified authors)
    5 6 "How to Display the Modern Photograph", undated
    5 7 "Modern Tendencies in Art", undated
    5 8 "The Origin of Design", undated
    5 9 "The What and How of Photography", undated
    5 10 "The Why and How of the Art Department", undated
    5 11 "Memo for the Art Room" (Dalton School), undated
    5 12 People and Woodstock History, 1937-1962, undated (see also OV 11)
    (Amalie Cramer; Harold Reynolds; Hervey White and the Maverick Story; Rosie Magee; J. Albert of Munich and Albertypes; Sidney Berkowitz; Carl Olaf Eric Lindin)
    5 13 Miscellaneous Essays and Notes about Art, 1934, 1960, undated
    5 14 Miscellaneous Essays, Non-Art Subjects, 1957-1958, undated
    5 15 (Copies), 1953, undated
    5 Florence Ballin Cramer
    5 16 Autobiographical Sketch about Woodstock circa 1906-1910, undated
    5 17 "The Artists in Mexico", undated
    5 18 "Craftwork In America", circa 1928-1931
    5 19 Miscellaneous Non-Art Subjects, 1938, 1950, 1959, undated
    5 20 (Copies), undated
    5 21 Unknown Author, "The Kindergarten - What It Is", undated
    5 Notebooks
    5 Konrad Cramer (see also Artwork, sketchbook with notes on printmaking)
    5 22 1929-1930
    (Contains recipes from various artists for paint, varnish, and other media; and technical notes)
    5 23 1944-1945
    (Contains the essay "A Practical Handbook of Drawing", with editor's comments)
    5 24 "Handbook of Drawing, Volume 1", 1945
    (Also contains drafts of outgoing letters)
    5 25-26 "Volume 2", 1945 (2 folders)
    (Contains "Handbook of Drawing, Volume 2")
    5 27 "Notes on Stieglitz", 1946
    (Also contains meeting notes of the Woodstock Foundation, and an essay about Thanksgiving at Rivington Hospital)
    5 28 1957
    (Contains the essay "Developing 35mm Film by Inspection," also drafts of outgoing letters and notes regarding the Kleinert Wing of the Woodstock Foundation)
    5 29 1952, 1958
    (Contains drafts of outgoing letters and technical notes)
    5 30 circa 1958
    (Contains fragment of essay "Restoring Oil Paintings" and drafts of outgoing letters)
    5 31 "Notes on Lectures for Painting Materials", undated
    5 32 undated
    (Contains essays related to photography and notes on Mozart's letters)
    5 Florence Ballin Cramer
    5 33-34 1897-1898 (2 volumes in 2 folders)
    5 Unknown Author
    5 35 Recipes in German, 1800s
    5 36 Forecast of Futures of Woodstock Children, 1935
    5 Poetry
    5 Florence Ballin Cramer
    5 37 1924-1929, undated
    5 38 Poems for Children, 1920s
    5 39 Irving Ballin, 1908-1912
    5 40 Movie Scenario by Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer, circa 1912, 1938
    5 Notes
    5 41 Travel Notes and Map (see also Reel 2756), 1938, undated
    5 42 Miscellaneous Notes by Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer, undated
    5 43 Notes by Manuel Komroff, undated
    5 44 Notes from Oral Histories of the Cramers and Hermine Kleinert by Sam Eskin, 1962, undated
    5 45 Collection Notes (not microfilmed), 1958-1959, undated
    5 46 Excerpts from Correspondence (1937), undated
    5 47 Contacts, undated
    5 48 Miscellaneous Notes, undated

    Box
    11 (OV) Oversized Writings (See Box 5, f12)

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    Series 5: Personal Business Records, 1918-1962, undated (Boxes 5, 10; 0.3 linear feet)

    This series contains records of Florence Ballin Cramer's and Konrad Cramer's respective artistic careers, other business and civic pursuits, and personal finances. READ MORE

    Box
    5 Artwork and Exhibit Records
    5 49-52 Konrad Cramer (Reels D170-D171, 2755), 1929-1936, 1952-1962, undated (4 folders)
    5 53 Florence Ballin Cramer (Reels D171, 2755), 1933, 1936, 1953, 1957, undated (See also OV 10)
    5 54 Art Students League By-Law Amendments (Reel D170), 1906
    5 55-58 Florence Gallery Records (Reel D170), 1918-1923, undated (4 folders)
    5 59-61 Florence Ballin Cramer's Woodstock Shop Records (Reel 2755), 1922-1944, undated (3 folders)
    5 62-63 Records of Woodstock Craft Organizations (Reel 2755 and 2756), 1948-1959, undated (2 folders; see also OV 10)
    5 64 Records of Other Woodstock Organizations (Reel 2757), undated
    (Woodstock Town House, Maverick Summer Concerts)
    5 65 Konrad Cramer Patent on Camera Accessory (Reel 2755), 1939
    5 66 Konrad Cramer's Employment Contracts (Reel 2755), 1926, 1929
    5 Personal Financial Records
    5 67-68 Account Books (Reel 2755), 1955-1959 (2 folders)
    (Contain sketches)
    5 69 Assets (Reel 2755), 1928, 1930, 1954-1960
    5 70 Bank and Stock Records (Reel 2755 and unfilmed), 1932, 1955-1962, undated
    5 71 Bills and Receipts (Reel 2755 and unfilmed), 1919-1961, undated
    5 72 Property Improvements (Reel 2755), 1924, 1961

    Box
    10 (OV) Oversized Personal Business Records (See Box 5, f53 and 62)

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    Series 6: Printed Materials, 1906-1968, undated (Boxes 6-7, 9, 11; 1.8 linear feet)

    This series includes clippings, exhibition catalogs, press releases, printed ephemera related to Woodstock organizations and events, and over a dozen periodicals and books by and about Woodstock artists and writers. Other materials include letterhead, business cards, brochures, posters, maps, postcards, and other publicity pieces. READ MORE

    Box Folder
    6 1-8 Exhibition Announcements, Catalogs, and Invitations, 1909-1968, undated (8 folders)
    6 9-21 Clippings, 1908-1962, 1965, undated (13 folders)
    6 22-24 Magazines, Journals, and Other Articles, 1906-1958, undated (3 folders)
    6 25-27 Newspapers (not microfilmed), 1925-1955 (3 folders)
    6 28 Press Releases and Advertisements, 1951-1962
    6 29 Reproductions of Artwork, 1937, undated
    6 30 Business Cards, 1920, undated
    6 31 Cramers' Brochures and Letterhead, undated
    6 Woodstock Organizations and Events
    6 32 Woodstock Artists Association, 1933, 1947-1948, undated
    6 33 Woodstock Guild of Craftsmen, 1948-1951
    6 34 Woodstock School of Painting, 1920, 1934-1935
    6 35 Woodstock School of Miniature Photography, 1937-1946
    6 36 Miscellaneous Woodstock Schools and Workshops, 1952-1958, undated
    6 37 "The First Art Film Festival in America", 1951
    6 38 The Woodstock Festival, 1959-1960, undated
    6 39 Programs for Cultural Events in Woodstock, 1931-1960, undated (see also OV 11)
    6 40 Woodstock Civic Organizations, 1933-1959, undated
    6 Woodstock Publications
    6 41-42 The Plowshare, 1917-1919 (2 folders)
    6 43 Woodstock, an Essay by Richard Le Gallienne, with Reproductions of Work by Woodstock Artists, 1923
    6 44 Woodstock Almanac, 1924
    6 45 The Maverick Hoot, 1927

    Box Folder
    7 1-8 Hue and Cry, 1923-1926, 1929, 1933, 1945 (8 folders; see also Box 9, sol)
    7 9 The Woodstock Bulletin, 1929-1930
    7 10-11 The Overlook, 1931-1932 (2 folders)
    7 12 Art Notes, Vol. 11, No. 10, 1932
    7 13-15 Publications of the Woodstock Historical Society, 1930-1939 (3 folders)
    7 16 Fallen Leaves by Carl Eric Lindin, 1941
    7 17 Woodstock Gargoyles, 1949
    7 18 The Wasp, 1952, 1954
    7 19 The Bulletin, 1960-1961
    7 Other Brochures, Mailings, and Posters
    7 20 Art Students League, 1948-1950, undated (See also OV 11)
    7 21 Clubs, 1950, undated
    (United World Federalists, Circle of Confusion)
    7 22 Camera Equipment, 1947-1958, undated
    7 23 Mexico, 1934, undated
    7 24 Miscellaneous Brochures and Mailings, 1947-1951, undated
    7 25 Blank Cards and Postcards, undated
    7 26 Relief Prints and Engravings Including Map of Woodstock (partially microfilmed), 1912, 1927, undated (See also OV 11)

    Box
    9 (sol) Oversized Issues of Hue and Cry (See Box 7, f1, 3-6, 8)

    Box
    11 (OV) Oversized Programs for Cultural Events in Woodstock (See Box 6, f39)
    11 (OV) Oversized Art Students League Posters (See Box 7, f20)
    11 (OV) Oversized Relief Prints and Engravings Including Map of Woodstock (See Box 7, f26)

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    Series 7: Photographs, 1906-1960, undated (Box 7; 0.5 linear feet)

    This series includes snapshots, photo postcards, fine prints, and negatives depicting Florence Ballin Cramer, Konrad Cramer, their friends, schools, studios, Woodstock parties, the Maverick Festival, scenic views of Woodstock, and photographs of works of art. READ MORE

    Box Folder
    7 27 Early Florence Ballin, Irving Ballin, and Friends, 1906, 1919, 1928, undated
    (Also pictured are Homer and Carlota Saint-Gaudens and Henry Lee McFee, with note from McFee)
    7 28 Early Konrad Cramer and Friends (one image on Reel 2756), circa 1909, 1915
    7 29 Konrad Cramer's Studio, 1952, 1958, undated
    7 30 Florence Ballin's Studio, circa 1900s
    7 31 Florence Ballin Cramer and Konrad Cramer, 1930s-1951, undated
    7 32 Florence Ballin Cramer's Exhibit Opening, Woodstock, circa 1950s
    7 Portraits of Friends
    7 33 1908, 1923, undated
    (pictured are Carlota Saint-Gaudens, Louise Hellstrom, Henry Lee McFee (Reel 1817 and digitized), Arnold Blanch (Reel 439 and digitized), Karl Fortess, Carl Walters, Sara Kuniyoshi, Marion Greenwood, Barbara Shermund, John Striebel, John Carlson)
    7 34-37 Gene and Elsie Speicher (One photo on Reel 440 and digitized), 1930s, undated (4 folders, including duplicates and copy print)
    7 38 Frank Chase and Son Dennis, circa 1930s
    7 39 Neil Ives and Daughter Peggy Cole, 1930s
    7 40 Henry Billings, undated
    7 41 Hervey White, undated
    7 42 Merril (Pixie) and Fritz Mueller, 1960
    7 43-44 Judson and Mary Smith, undated (2 folders, including copy print)
    7 45-46 Yasuo Kuniyoshi (One photo on Reel 439 and digitized), undated (2 folders, including copy negative)
    7 47-48 Art Classes, Group and Candid Shots, 1904-1909, undated (2 folders, including copy negatives and prints)
    (includes Art Students League classes, picturing Edith Morrell, Remington Schuyler, R. Nisbet, John Carlson, Florence Ballin, Grace Johnson, Mollie Bannister, Mary Reilly, Pop Goltz, Birge Harrison, Andrew Dasburg, among others)
    7 49-50 Maverick Festival, 1922, undated (2 folders, including copy print)
    (pictured are Ernest Brace, Florence Ballin Cramer, Reeves Brace, Konrad Cramer, Helen Walters, Eugenie Gershoy, Harry Gottlieb, and Marjorie Barnes)
    7 51 Woodstock People, circa 1909-1938, undated
    (pictured are Gene Speicher, John Carlson, Andrew Dasburg, Harry Hopkins, Came and Ella Lasher, Charles Rosen, Clarence Bolton, and others unidentified)
    7 52 Woodstock Parties, 1946-1957, undated
    (pictured are Alexander Brook, Joe Pollett, Tom Penning, Helen Estes, Elsa Kimball, Sid Berkowitz, Dick Burlingame, Herman Cherry, Charles Rosen, John Striebel, Sigmund Menkes, Zombie Pachner, Sam Eskin, Florine Walkowitz, Kaj Klitgaard, Marianne Mecklin, Jay Allen, Odillon, Gene Speicher, Arnold Blanch, Edward L. Chase, Henry Mattson, Fanny Ganso, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Karl Fortess, and many others)
    7 53-54 Woodstock Views, circa 1909, undated (2 folders, including copy print)
    7 55 Early Woodstock Views and Figures, circa 1900s
    (figure may be Florence Ballin)
    7 56 Color and College Experiments by Konrad Cramer, undated
    7 57 Travel Snapshots, 1934, undated
    7 58 Photo Postcards, circa 1934
    7 59 Miscellaneous Photographs, undated
    7 Works of Art (unfilmed)
    7 60 Installation Views, 1931-1953, undated
    7 61 Konrad Cramer (1915-1957, undated), undated
    7 62-63 Florence Ballin Cramer (1929-1944, undated), undated (2 folders)
    7 64 Other Artists, 1935, 1958, undated

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    Series 8: Artwork, 1897-1954, undated (Boxes 8-11; 1.2 linear feet)

    This series contains sketchbooks, loose sketches and drawings, original illustrations for children's picture books, textile designs, graphic designs, woodblock and linoleum block prints, printing blocks, examples of textile prints and batik, calligraphy, and an autograph book kept by Florence Ballin as a child containing artwork, poems, and music by its signers. Most of the artwork is by Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer. Artwork by others is filed separately. Artwork is in pencil, graphite, watercolor, gouache, pastel. READ MORE

    Box
    8 Sketchbooks
    8 Konrad Cramer
    8 1 circa 1906-1908
    8 2 circa 1907
    8 3 circa 1909
    8 4 after 1912
    8 5 1916, 1921
    8 6-8 Dismantled Design Sketchbook, circa 1918, 1920, 1924 (3 folders)
    (Original Collation)
    8 9 Sketchbook with Notes on Printmaking, undated
    8 10-11 Florence Ballin Cramer, undated (2 volumes in 2 folders)
    8 12 Aileen Cramer (daughter), 1942
    8 13 Unsigned, 1909, undated
    8 Sketches and Drawings
    8 Konrad Cramer
    8 14 1921, 1923, 1954, undated
    8 15-16 Blackface Cartoons, undated (2 folders)
    8 17 Erotic Drawings, undated
    8 18 Florence Ballin Cramer, 1925, 1938, undated
    8 19-20 Childhood Drawings of Aileen and Margot Cramer, 1924, 1926, undated
    8 21 Caricature of Mayor Goltz of Woodstock by Aimé Titus, 1908
    8 Children's Books by Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer
    8 22-23 Thoughts and Pictures, 1925
    8 24 A Book for Very Small Children, undated
    8 25-28 Textile Designs, circa 1918 (4 folders; see also Box 9 and OV 11)
    8 29 Designs for Hue and Cry, 1923, undated (See OV 10)
    8 30-31 Wood and Linoleum Block Prints by the Cramers, undated (2 folders, including duplicates)
    8 32-33 Printing Blocks by the Cramers, undated (2 folders)
    (see also Konrad Cramer's 1916, 1921 Sketchbook for 2 original bookplate printing blocks)
    8 34 Woodblock Prints by Children, 1920-1921
    8 35 Textile Samples Designed by Konrad Cramer, circa 1915-1916
    8 36 Undyed Batik made by Konrad Cramer, undated (see also OV 11)
    8 37 Calligraphy, 1923, 1925, undated
    8 38 Miscellaneous Designs, Sketches, and Prints, undated (See also OV 10)
    8 39 Autograph Book of Florence Ballin Cramer, 1897-1899
    (Contains paintings, drawings, poems, and music by signers)

    Box
    9 (sol) Oversized Textile Designs (See Box 8, f28)

    Box
    10 (OV) Oversized Artwork (see Box 8, f29 and 38)

    Box
    11 (OV) Oversized Artwork (See Box 8, f28 and 36)

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    Index [+]

    This index to Konrad and Florence Ballin Cramer's Correspondence in Series 2 includes selected artists, curators, dealers, patrons, neighbors, and other significant correspondents. Illustrated letters and significant enclosures are indicated in parentheses. This index is not comprehensive. READ MORE

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